REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

       Vote-buying is a product of state corruption (Gillanders, 2014; Hanusch & Keefer, 2013; Lucky, 2013). Abocejo, (2014) defined vote-buying as a phenomenon in politics clandestinely practiced by the political candidates who utilize it as a political strategy. The researchers have said that vote-buying is a sort of electoral bribery intended to increase the probability of winning elections (Guardado, & Wantchekon, 2017; Lehoucq, 2013; Nyblade, & Reed, 2018; Onapajo et al., 2015). 

         A survey released by the Social Weather Stations (SWS) showed that reports of poll irregularities during the 2019 elections were highest in Mindanao.Firsthand reports of vote-buying, harassment, and flying voters were highest in the southern part of the country than anywhere else.(CNN,2019).

​

       Yoon M, (2020) have stated that men are more exercising vote-buying than women and their vote-buying scale is greater. Drawing on the survey and interview data collected in the Dar es Salaam region on the voter’s perceptions of gender differences in vote-buying, focusing on the 2015 parliamentary elections (Kramon, 2013). This led the researchers of the current study to conduct quantitative research to investigate the said matter.

​

(Please click the Gallery below.)

​